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- <text>
- <title>
- Mainland 'Cousins' Leave For Taiwan
- </title>
- <article>
- <hdr>
- World Press Review, March 1991
- China: Mainland 'Cousins' Leave for Taiwan
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Jeff Hoffman. From the independent "South China Morning
- Post" of Hong Kong.
- </p>
- <p> For decades, Taiwan's Kuomintang (KMT) government has
- presented itself as a "beacon of light" for the Chinese people,
- laboring to convince the world, and ethnic Chinese people in
- particular, of the superiority of its political and economic
- system over China's Communist Party regime. In recent years,
- Taiwan's wealth and freedom, and the effectiveness of
- propaganda beamed to the mainland, have had an unidentified side
- effect: A growing number of mainland Chinese from the southern
- provinces are stealing across the Formosa Strait, seeking work,
- relief from poverty, and a share of the "Taiwan miracle."
- </p>
- <p> For tiny, overpopulated Taiwan, the rising flood of poor
- cousins could cause serious social and economic problems. And
- the question of how to deal with these "mainland compatriots"
- has become a sticky moral and public dilemma for the island's
- government and public. The Hong Kong government has long faced
- and effectively managed a flow of mainland illegal immigrants,
- but for the KMT, which maintains a claim to sovereignty over
- all of China, the issue is new and more complicated.
- </p>
- <p> Before 1987, the problem barely existed. But when the KMT
- ended a 38-year marital law decree in July, 1987, coastal
- security began to lapse. Then, in the first of a series of
- cautious steps toward detente with Beijing, the Taiwanese
- government lifted a ban on travel to China, giving the
- mainlanders a close-up view of Taiwanese wealth. In a little
- more than three years, Taiwan residents have made 1.5 million
- visits to the mainland, spending lavishly on family reunions and
- tourism and investing $1 billion (according to unofficial
- estimates) in manufacturing and service ventures.
- </p>
- <p> Now many Chinese want to "live like the rich people in
- Taiwan." This is especially true of the residents of Fujian
- Province--just 115 miles across the strait--where the bulk
- of Taiwan's investment has gone and where Taiwan radio and
- television have been received for years. Although the Fujian
- government expects liberal, export-oriented economics to turn
- the province into a "second Taiwan" over the next few decades,
- some Fujinese are unwilling to wait.
- </p>
- <p> Scholars say that there may be as many as 50,000 to 100,000
- mainlanders now in Taiwan, but officials at the National Police
- Administration and the army's Taiwan garrison command say that
- they have no reliable estimates. According to army figures,
- between September, 1987, and August, 1990, a total of 11,281
- illegals--the majority being men age 20-40--were
- apprehended and held at three military detention centers; 10,893
- were repatriated. According to one former soldier familiar with
- repatriation work, "probably seven in ten of those who try to
- sneak in get caught."
- </p>
- <p> Luckier emigres seek refuge with relatives in Taiwan, but
- most must fend for themselves, seeking construction or factory
- work. A number have reportedly even found employment on
- government-sponsored works projects. According to a recent
- report in Taipei's United Daily News, unscrupulous
- entrepreneurs have enticed mainlanders to Taiwan by advertising
- jobs, then withholding pay and threatening to inform police if
- the immigrants complain.
- </p>
- <p> According to Taiwan's Red Cross, a small but growing number
- of mainland women come to Taiwan to work as prostitutes. Some
- sign themselves over as indentured servants; others are lured
- with promises of legitimate work.
- </p>
- <p> Until last year, the Taiwanese public had only scant
- knowledge of illegal mainland immigrants. The military's
- detention and repatriation work proceeded in secret. But in two
- separate incidents last summer, 46 mainlanders died while being
- expelled, igniting a public furor over the military's methods.
- Safety for the immigrants has improved markedly since the Red
- Cross of Taiwan and China began jointly supervising the
- repatriation process last October. But a growing number of
- Taiwanese citizens and elected officials have come to question
- the morality of expelling "mainland compatriots."
- </p>
- <p> Although the KMT government has encouraged commercial and
- cultural ties, which officials say will stimulate reform of
- China's communist system, bilateral exchanges have been largely
- a one-way affair. Since November, 1988, when Taipei slightly
- relaxed restrictions on mainland visitors, a mere 8,000 Chinese
- citizens have legally set foot on the island, and members of
- the Communist Party are banned. Emphasizing the government's
- responsibility to maintain Taiwan's security, Premier Hau Pei-
- tsun says, "If the communists sent several million people over,
- it would destroy everything."
- </p>
- <p> However, according to legislator Lin Cheng-chieh, under
- Taipei's "one country, one government" policy, the 1.2 billion
- people of China are all citizens of the "Republic of China" and
- are constitutionally entitled to live and work in Taiwan if
- they desire. "Sending them back is illegal," says Lin. "The
- leaders of the Kuomintang are all illegal immigrants, if you
- want to view it this way. They all sneaked over from China in
- 1949."
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-